The role of innovation in venture capital: empirical evidence from European Union and EFTA countries

This article investigates the effects of innovation attempts on the venture capital and investment activity in the cases of the selected European Union plus European Free Trade Agreement countries using annual panel data and by controlling for real income growth and business sophistication. Our findings suggest that innovation has positively significant effects on venture capital in the cases without opt-out countries (United Kingdom and Denmark); however, these effects become negative in the cases with opt-out countries. Policy implications are provided in the conclusion section of this study.     

Airports’ managerial human capital,ownership, and efficiency

Airport performance differences require a better understanding of the sources of efficiency and competitive advantages. Globalization drives the air transport industry into a more market-orientated business questioning the relationship between managerial decisions and airport performance. Aviation management studies do not consider managerial capabilities and skills since they are intangible exogenous factors that are difficult to assess. In this study, a stochastic frontier analysis is performed accounting for top managers' theoretical knowledge and experience enclosed as exogenous drivers of airports' efficiency. The model analyses 12 Polish airports from 2009 to 2017. The results show a diversity of airports with a different number of passengers as efficient. The top managers' experience, when gained in the same airport, has a positive impact on airports' technical efficiency. Airports having unstable management are more technically inefficient. Independently of the efficiency level, some airports change their management after the national elections, suggesting that managers are chosen by political interest rather than by their specialised knowledge or their prior experience in aviation management. The results suggest that more practical knowledge improve airports’ performance. Airports with a majority of government ownership that are the largest ones increase their efficiency significantly, suggesting that political decisions may be discriminatory in detriment of airports managed by regional and city authorities.     

Moral hazard,debt overhang and capital structure

This paper investigates the impact of managerial moral hazard on the debt overhang of a firm by constructing a contingent claims model in which the manager faces costly effort. Using a calibrated capital structure model, we show that the costs of debt overhang become more serious in the presence of managerial moral hazard. Such costs even account for more than half of the total agency costs at a high level of cash flow. Moreover, in contrast to the results of Hackbarth and Mauer (2012), our model predicts a U-shaped relationship between the leverage ratio and investment opportunities of a firm, which is caused by managers’ moral hazard. Finally, by considering this moral hazard, we also show the coexistence of low leverage ratios and high credit spreads, which explains the phenomenon of “low debt levels and high credit spreads” observed in practice.     

Natural resources,technological progress,and economic modernization

The present inquiry focuses on the modernization perspectives of the commodity‐exporting countries through the lens of development economics. To this end, the study adopts the Kaldorian framework to address the modernization effects, epitomized in the absorption of surplus labor. To trace the process of economic modernization, the study augments Lewis’s dualistic economy model by the extractive sector. Three different scenarios for the management of resource revenues are scrutinized. An altruistic mode, which implies a pure redistribution of the revenues among the poor swaths of the population, protracts the process of economic modernization, requires a greater amount of capital stock, and harbors a greater risk of a poverty trap. This effect is less pronounced if the modern sector is more capital‐intensive. A productive mode, which elicits full reinvestment of the commodity revenues, in contrast, accelerates the pace of economic modernization. Further, predicated on the scrutiny of a more realistic scenario, a bargaining mode, the study derives the condition for a net positive (or negative) modernization effect. The study identifies technical progress alongside capital accumulation as a further important source of economic modernization.     

社会资本与超额在职消费：激浊扬清还是推波助澜

作为企业治理的重要问题之一，代理成本诱发超额在职消费引起各界广泛关注。文章以2007-2019年A股上市公司为初始样本，考察我国各省社会资本水平差异对超额在职消费影响。研究表明，社会资本显著提高超额在职消费，起到推波助澜的负面效用；进一步研究表明，公司治理水平维度上通过提高机构投资持股比例、短期债务融资比例及扩大独立董事比例和监事会规模均能抑制社会资本加剧超额在职消费的负面效用，公司治理环境维度上通过强化企业内部治理环境、加快市场化进程亦能削弱社会资本对超额在职消费的“推波助澜”。以上结论为社会资本利弊之争提供有益补充，亦凸显非正式制度与正式制度的治理替代效应，同时为企业完善内部治理水平及政府优化制度环境与规则治理以抑制社会资本负面效用提供一定借鉴。     

Entry and capital structure mimicking in concentrated markets: The role of incumbents’ financial disclosures

We examine whether the public availability of product market incumbents' financial disclosures leads to greater capital structure mimicking of incumbents by entrants. Exploiting a change in disclosure enforcement for German private firms in the mid-2000s, we find entrant-incumbent mimicking rises substantially in concentrated markets once incumbents' financial statements are publicly available. Additional tests exploring potential mechanisms are more consistent with interfirm learning underlying the effect than alternative channels. Our findings shed light on the effects of competitor financial statement disclosure on private firms’ initial financing decisions and highlight how capital structure dependencies among peer firms arise.     

风险导向内部审计应用研究

在经济高速发展的大环境下,审计作为提升企业竞争力的一项措施受到了广泛重视。提及审计,大多数人都仅仅会想到其中的财务审计这一块,而在企业实际运营工作中,如何做好风险评估仍然存在很多欠缺之处,所以推动风险导向的内部审计发展,使其成为企业管理的一种重要手段,对于企业自身的发展具有重大意义,也是一个任重而道远的过程。     

上市公司营运资金管理问题探析

本文从财务分析的角度出发并在运用管理学原理的基础上,综合评价和分析了上市公司在营运资金管理中存在的四个频率较高的问题。包括不合理的营运资金结构、营运资金运营效率低、营运资金不充足、滞后的管理模式。本文通过对国外发达国家关于营运资金管理的理论分析和实践经验介绍,在充分研究当前市场环境的条件下,对发现的上市公司营运资金管理问题,推导出相应的解决方案,以供企业参考。     

KD乳业在渠道理论下的营运资金管理分析

渠道理论下的营运资金管理是目前较为完善的管理理论,提高分渠道资金管理有利于企业从细节提高管理效率。本文对KD乳业在渠道理论下进行因素分析,找出其在各渠道中营运资金管理存在的问题,并对各渠道提出改进策略,研究可以对KD乳业营运资金管理效率提高有所裨益。     

Cognitive foundations of firm internationalization: A systematic review and agenda for future research

Managerial cognition has a fundamental role in the internationalization of firms. However, there exists no coherent understanding of how prior research has examined and captured the cognitive foundations of internationalization. This paper provides a systematic review of this body of literature. The review identifies three main streams of research that, overall, consists of nine more specific research areas. We show that especially the areas addressing (1) managerial learning, (2) characteristics of upper echelons, (3) intra-organizational perceptions, and (4) external actors’ perceptions provide opportunities for the further advancement of internationalization literature. For harnessing these opportunities, we find that the microfoundational approach could support the empirical examination of the cognitive foundations and would notably contribute to the Uppsala model-based theorization of the firm internationalization process.